What is the process called that involves destroying most harmful organisms on surfaces?

The process that involves destroying most harmful organisms on surfaces is known as disinfecting. Disinfecting typically uses chemical agents to significantly reduce or eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, on inanimate objects and surfaces. This is particularly crucial in settings like salons or healthcare facilities where hygiene is paramount to prevent the spread of infections.

In contrast, sanitizing reduces the number of microorganisms to safe levels according to public health standards, but does not necessarily kill all pathogens. Sterilizing goes further by eliminating all forms of microbial life, including spores, which is not always practical for surfaces that don't require complete sterility. Cleaning is the process of removing dirt, debris, and impurities from surfaces, but it does not necessarily involve killing microorganisms. Therefore, disinfecting is the most appropriate term when referring to the specific action of destroying harmful organisms on surfaces.