What is the primary effect of thermal styling?

The primary effect of thermal styling lies in how heat is applied to hair to mold and shape it into various styles. Techniques such as curling, straightening, and volumizing rely on the application of heat from tools like curling irons, flat irons, and blow dryers. When heat is applied, the hydrogen bonds within the hair's cortex are temporarily altered, allowing stylists to achieve the desired look. This effect can last for an extended period, depending on hair types and the methods used, but it's important to note that it is not a permanent change.

Other options do not accurately reflect the primary effect of thermal styling. While some methods may give the appearance of permanent change in the short term, thermal styling does not chemically alter the hair structure like a permanent wave or relaxer would. Adding color is a separate process involving chemical agents, which is not part of the thermal styling technique. Additionally, while heat can contribute to the appearance of damage when used incorrectly, thermal styling itself does not serve a purpose in repairing damage; rather, it can exacerbate the condition of already damaged hair if proper heat protection is not applied.